Cancer screening tests for women

Learn more about how to reduce your cancer risk

A cancer prevention plan for women

Finding cancer early improves your chances of successful treatment and long-term survival.

Look for the following signs and symptoms of cancer in women:

lumps, sores or ulcers that don't heal
unusual changes in your breasts – lumps, thickening, unusual discharge, nipples that suddenly turn inwards, changes in shape, colour or unusual pain
coughs that don't go away, show blood, or a hoarseness that persists
weight loss that can't be explained
any loss of blood, even a few spots between periods or after they stop (menopause)
moles that have changed shape, size or colour, or an inflamed skin sore that hasn't healed
blood in a bowel motion
persistent changes in toilet habits
persistent abdominal pain or bloating.

Symptoms often relate to more common, less serious health problems. However, if you notice any unusual changes, or symptoms persist, visit your doctor.

Check for early breast cancer

If you are over age 40 you can have a free BreastScreen Australia mammogram (breast x-ray) every two years. Mammograms look for early breast cancers in women without symptoms.

Regular mammograms can reduce your risk of breast cancer death by 25%. The benefit is highest for women aged 50 to 69.

Have a regular cervical screening test

Have a cervical screening test every five years from the age of 25. If you have previously had a Pap test (sometimes called a Pap smear), you should have your first HPV screening test two years after your last Pap test. If the test is negative for HPV, you can wait five years before your next test.

This replaces the Pap test previously used under the National Cervical Screening Program. While the procedure is similar to the Pap test, the renewed National Cervical Screening Program now tests for the human papillomavirus (HPV), which causes almost all cases of cervical cancer. The renewed National Cervical Screening Program has been effective from 1 December 2017.

In Australia, women can access a vaccine that can protect against the cause of most cervical cancers, HPV. However, the vaccines do not protect against all HPV types that cause cervical cancers, therefore all vaccinated women will still need regular cervical screening tests.

If you have cervical cancer, find out more on how to cope in our after a diagnosis of cervical cancer section.

There are currently no screening tests for ovarian, uterine, endometrial, vulvar or vaginal cancers. Fortunately, these cancers are very rare. Be aware of what is normal for you and if you notice any changes or symptoms that persist, visit your doctor.

To learn more about eliminating cervical cancer watch the video below.

Eliminating Cervical Cancer - A Call to Action

Ask about screening for bowel cancer

Early detection of bowel cancer greatly improves chances of successful treatment. Your risk of bowel cancer increases with age. If you are over age 50, you should be tested for bowel cancer every two years.

From 1^st July 2024, the Australian Government is lowering the eligible screening age for the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program from 50 to 45.

People aged 50-74 will still be sent a free home test kit by the Australian Government every two years, and now people aged 45-49 can also request a free screening kit to be mailed to them.

The bowel cancer screening test is quick, simple, and completed at home in four easy steps. Cancer Council urges all eligible Australians to participate. Screening kits usually arrive within six months of your birthday.

Some people have known risk factors which put them at increased risk. If you do, your doctor will talk to you about regular surveillance.

Why early detection is important

Early cancer detection is crucial because it increases the chances of successful treatment, often before symptoms arise. Detecting cancers at an early stage can lead to less aggressive treatment, fewer side effects, and better outcomes.

Regular screenings and check-ups help identify risks and potential issues before symptoms appear, improving overall health management. Early detection also empowers women to take control of their health and make informed decisions about treatment options.

If you notice any unusual changes, see your doctor – it could save your life.